[m463]

I think this is just like intel does.

Runs fast? i9. slower? i7. missing cores? i5 slowest? i3

perfect chips probably not only have all the cores working, they also run at low voltages so don't get as hot.

I wonder if they can figure out what parts of the chip run at what speeds, and disable the ones that run slow/hot

I'm pretty sure gpus are overclocked by vendors, so there must be some sort of binning either by the vendors or they buy binned parts. I'll bet if parts could go faster, you would have an ASUS/MSI/etc 4090-2x-max-$$$$

https://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/glossary-binning-defini...

[Arrath]

I recall reading before that as yields improved over process maturation Intel has ended up binning faster passing chips as lower SKUs just to meet demand.