[vlovich123]

Disagree. No stable release of Debian today supports c++23 which is coming up on two years old at this point (this corresponds to a major Rust edition, not the minor stuff they publish on an ongoing basis every month).

Java in Bookworm installs JDK 17 which is three years old at this point. Java itself is on 23 with 21 being an LTS release.

This means that upstream users intentionally maintain an old toolchain just to support Debian packaging or maintain their own deb repo with newer tools.

You’re confusing cause and effect. People aren’t migrating because Debian packaging lags so badly, not because there aren’t improvements projects would love to otherwise use.