The LaTeX source may be easily edited to impart any size/proportion desired --- not quite as straight-forward as re-sizing a browser window, but the same ultimate effect.
Not really. It's fixed at "compile time". Eg "A4" or "Letter". I guess it "changes" according to zoom level, but that's just enlarging or shrinking - no reflow required.
All the print books on my bookshelf use fully justified text. In contrast, my preference for ebooks are to render them as left-justified. So I think I intuitively arrived at a practice that matches your conclusion about justified text in browsers.
Code: https://github.com/tdjsnelling/microtype Demo: https://tdjsnelling.github.io/microtype/test/from-cdn/
Even better, there is the new CSS `hyphens: auto;`. Browser & language support is not yet 100% though.
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/hyphens