| > Is immutability exclusive to functional programming? No, but immutable defaults are powerful. E.g. in JavaScript / Python, the built-in lists and dictionarys (which are blessed with special syntax) are mutable. > Is the ability to use data/values exclusive to functional programming? No, but expression-orientation makes this less painful > Are monads exclusive to functional programming? You can hack them in by abusing co-routines or perhaps async/await in various languages, but it will never be as good as something built for this purpose. Type-inferences, type-classes and do-notation make monads workable in practice. |