That is a very bold claim. A message queue can have many different requirements: Some message queues tolerate lost messages, others don't. Some require a notification mechanism (i.e. a push model instead of a polling model). Other require precise management of dead letters.
All this to say that, yes, you theoretically CAN use SQLite as a message queue. But atomic operations are usually WAY lower on the "must have" list for a message queue than other parameters.
The easiest way you could verify this is by looking at the guarantees provided by some of the most known MsgQueues.
On the other hand Redis is a bad database so I would say the use cases don't overlap.