EDIT: appears that Chrome suddenly had decided in 2017 to not validate at all on reload anymore, after Facebook had complained to Chrome devs about Chrome being more a drag on their servers compared to other browsers.
> We began to discuss changing the behavior of the reload button with the Chrome team. […] we proposed a compromise where resources with a long max-age would never get revalidated, but that for resources with a shorter max-age the old behavior would apply. The Chrome team thought about this and decided to apply the change for all cached resources, not just the long-lived ones.
> Firefox was quick in implementing the cache-control: immutable change and rolled it out just around when Chrome was fully launching their final fixes to reload.
> Chrome and Firefox’s measures have effectively eliminated revalidation requests to us from modern version of those browsers.
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EDIT: appears that Chrome suddenly had decided in 2017 to not validate at all on reload anymore, after Facebook had complained to Chrome devs about Chrome being more a drag on their servers compared to other browsers.