[LnxPrgr3]

No, I do understand references. I'm just trying to explain how references in PHP are very, very different from references or pointers in any other language I'm aware of, and how they could be confusing to people who know other languages well but are less experienced with PHP.

Perl does have a similar concept, but it calls it aliasing. Perl references behave more like what you'd expect coming from other languages.

I wish PHP had called its references something else. They're not really references at all.

Just because I think PHP references are weird doesn't mean I don't know how they work. It does make me wonder, though, why PHP references work the way they do. What's the benefit of doing it this way instead of the way just about every other language ever does it?

[smsm42]

Why PHP references should be like pointers? It is "confusing" only if you have wrong preconception about how PHP references should be. If you let it go and learn what they actually are, there's nothing confusing about it. Just don't let you preconceived notion about what it "should" be block your learning about what it actually is.

Most of "other languages" similar to PHP don't even have concept close to references, except for C++. Similarity with C++ may be briefly confusing, but it's not unheard of that in different languages concepts meant to achieve the same thing work differently. Expecting PHP would match C++ in every detail or would have to invent completely new terminology altogether makes little sense.

>> What's the benefit of doing it this way instead of the way just about every other language ever does it?

"Every other language ever" doesn't do it in any particular way. Perl has pointer-like references and they are nightmarish to work with. Languages like Ruby or Java pass everything by value or by object reference depending on how you look on it, since everything is an object. Some don't have the concept of references all. Low-level languages like C/C++ have pointers. In some languages variables are not mutable, so the whole question is moot. Saying that "every other language ever" does some specific thing in this regard and only PHP does it differently is meaningless - different languages do it completely different, and PHP has its own way. It doesn't match your favorite one - fine, everybody is entitled to have one's favorite ways, but that does not make PHP "weird" or wrong in any way, just as it doesn't make C, Java, Python or Perl wrong.

[pbiggar]

PHP has references, because once upon a time it didn't have pointers. If the only way to pass pointers is by value, then you are severely limited. So it got references, following (I assume intentionally) Perl's syntax and semantics, though with its own reference counting foibles.

Then it got pointers, and references suddenly weren't needed that much anymore. But it kept the old semantics, and still needs references for passing arrays around, since arrays are not objects, and PHP assignment is still by copy.