It’s the same for all goods globally: If you are not in a hurry, the energy / co2 cost of getting it from a local warehouse to your house (optionally through a store) dwarfs the cost of shipping it via freight around the planet.
If you are in a hurry, then you need to ship via air, and then producing locally might help. (It depends on the gap between the efficiency of local production vs. the most favorable location on earth).
Correct. Which is why hydroponically grown produced focuses on low shelf life items like salad greens. And in countries like India where quick commerce is taking off (Zepto, Blinkit, BB Now etc.) it is helpful for the companies to source fresh produce locally many times a week as their dark stores are tiny and they can't have huge inventory.
For my farm and near by farms right inside the city, these quick commerce companies do milkruns and pick fresh produce twice/thrice everyday.
If you are in a hurry, then you need to ship via air, and then producing locally might help. (It depends on the gap between the efficiency of local production vs. the most favorable location on earth).