[zbshqoa]

Which Europe are you talking about? Europe is a collection of independent counties and what you just mention is all wrong.

Most of the European railway companies have been privatized and there are companies that run the rail network and companies that run the train. Subsidies are not a thing in many of the European countries

[bpye]

If you look at the UK for example, the physical network is publicly owned and maintained by National Rail, whilst the ToCs are (currently) mostly private. That said the ToCs are also going to switch to publicly owned over the next few years.