It's hard science as far as accessibility goes. A screen reader user wastes a lot of time if they have to differentiate what 10 different "click here" links mean.
i'm sure if you published the hard science here, all sorts of holes could be poked in it. this idea that deciphering what links are clickable wastes time is nonsense and probably brought to us by primitive AIs that are measuring how many ads per second they can get the multitudes to click on.
people who make their own pages invariable "click here" and there's absolutely nothing wrong with it.
A few months back a proud father posted his daughter's first website that she made herself and it was all "click here" and not a single person either told her off or complained about the waste of time.
Maybe you don't understand what accessibility is? It's not a vibes-based term like UX, there are actually laws that enforce proper accessibility. If you run a big American website that isn't accessible, you could get sued under the ADA.