[rqtwteye]

All PMs I have seen so far were just passing on management’s desire for more features quickly. The only approach I have seen work is if engineering adds refactoring as part of the normal work that needs to be done without asking for permission.

[NAHWheatCracker]

That's the practical advice to engineers who are stuck in a dysfunctional organization where they can't really effect change, which is probably 90%+ of all organizations.