Yes, I have a private CA I install on all my Apple devices for my self-signed certs. After I have the root CA on the device, it looks like any other valid SSL to iOS / macOS.
You can, but I find that much less secure than being able to TOFU a self-signed certificate:
I once did this, and besides being incredibly unergonomic, now I have to either securely destroy or safely store the signing key for the self-signed CA, or risk malware from performing an MITM against any app on my device, and not just e.g. the email client.