[bad_user]

Excluding leaks, the ISP does not see the hostnames, what it sees are the IPs you're connecting to. 20% of internet traffic goes through Cloudflare, so at least for those, the IPs are meaningless.

Both privacy and security are layered, and perfect is the enemy of good. Securing the DNS is an obvious first step, forcing the Internet to HTTPS by default was another. Google and Mozilla have contributed to better privacy. People that want more privacy, depending on needs, can also use a VPN or for the more extreme cases, something like Tor.

Not sure what you mean about having to trust Google or Mozilla. I'm not using either Google's or Mozilla's DoH servers. But yes, I would trust them more than my local ISP. Google, at least, proved quite competent in handling whatever data they collect.

[dingaling]

> Excluding leaks, the ISP does not see the hostnames

Unfortunately they can, either through the unencrypted hostname passed in SNI or in the cert returned by the server .

[codedokode]

In TLS 1.3 server certs are encrypted. And while browsers support ECH (Encrypted Client Hello) to encrypt SNI, almost no server supports it. Cloudflare has ECH disabled globally for some "issues" they do not disclose [1].

[1] https://developers.cloudflare.com/ssl/edge-certificates/ech/