It's a proposed web standard, so ultimately yes, it could affect other browsers in the long run. And it would almost certainly affect other Chromium-based browsers.
Only other chromium web browsers that enable that feature. Safari and Firefox already said they're not implementing the feature, so unless they change their mind it's not going anywhere.
Firefox and Safari have both said "no, we're not doing that". And then chrome decided to move forward with it, regardless of whether it gets standardized.