I have a lot of 220V circuits. One is like 80A and powers a whole building. Also, almost all power comes into a home as 220V single phase from the local power distribution.
Water heater, heat pumps, stove, dryer, hot tub, etc are all 220.
Yes, but most homes don't have extra 220v outlets except for the ones provided for the specific appliances that need them.
So if you want to plug in a device like this "tinybox" at home, it's going to be a lot easier to find two separate 110v outlets on different circuits than to have a new 220v circuit added, or to unplug your stove every time you want to use it.
I don't know what adversarial relationship you have with electricians, but adding more 220v outlets is absolutely feasible. Usually takes an electrician a day of work.
US three-phase power is mostly 208V, 240V, and 480V. The 208V is what normal residential 120/240V split-phase was made from. 240V is high-leg delta three phase and I think was old alternative to split-phase. 480V is used for light industrial that needs more power.
Water heater, heat pumps, stove, dryer, hot tub, etc are all 220.