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by defrost 663 days ago
There are many ways to calculate an earth position, sure - to name a few; triangulation from stations, LORAN, or a combination of the two with a frequency change and some moving stations such as one of the five GNSS constellations.

There are many coordinate systems; these days in 2024 it is almost universal to calculate from various stations to a WGS84 position, in that coordinate system and using that geodetic datum.

Back in the day, there were many datums in common use, based on a plurity of reference ellipsoids, with a multitude of pojections in common use.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_ellipsoid#Historical_Ear...

To this day there are several thousand indexed earth coordinate systems:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPSG_Geodetic_Parameter_Datase...

https://epsg.org/home.html