[robertlagrant]

> GIL-less Python can be used by well-designed libraries to achieve speedups, but that's not code written by the aforementioned pandas users

Yes, that's why having something like Pandas use it would be better than getting all users to write their own version.

[aragilar]

I would be shocked if pandas wasn't already using multithreading where they could. Naturally, free-threaded Python (to use the actual name it's being called) gives libraries like pandas more options (which I think is a good thing, even if I think things aren't going to be as smooth as people would like), but there's only so much pandas can do for badly written code. This would be like postgresql moving from multiple processes to multiple threads, sure there may be speedups for some users, but for users that haven't added any indices, there's a lot of performance left on the table.