[almostgotcaught]

How did you figure out these were hooked? I'm assuming some flag that tells ld/ldd to tell you when some symbol is rebound? Also I thought a symbol has to be a weak symbol to be rebound and assuming nvidia doesn't expose weak symbols (why would they) the implication is that their thing is basically LD_PRELOADed?

[yarpen_z]

Yes. While I don't know what they do internally, API remoting has been used for GPUs since at least rCUDA - that's over 10 years ago.

LD_PRELOAD trick allows you to intercept and virtualize calls to the CUDA runtime.