[b112]

At the turn of the 20th, eg 1900s, most tax was paid by corporations and resouce taxation. At least it was in Canada. An example, a "temporary" personal income tax started in 1917 to fund WWI in Canada. Corporations were hit too, but my point is that tax revenue came from elsewhere. Resources.

Over the last 100+ years, slowly, primary taxation has shifted from corporations and resources to individuals. One can see why this makes sense, as policy with respect to trade has shifted as well. We've become more global, as eluded to, and the least up to this century the goal has been on "reducing trade barriers". So tax has shifted to "consumption tax" (gas tax, sales tax, sin tax), and personal income tax, as it is harder for people to be in multiple tax jurisdictions.

At least, this is how I see it. Your citizens live here, own property (your municipality gets income), have to eat/do things locally (consumption tax), and can't claim they live elsewhere easily, for the "average Joe" is just going to have a simple tax structure, and it's known where he hangs his hat.

[AnthonyMouse]

A huge problem seems to be that everybody wants to eat their cake and have it too. They want taxes to be paid by "corporations" by which they mean "somebody who isn't me" as if a tax increase on e.g. Amazon is not going to come out of the prices they pay for stuff on Amazon or the wages of people who work for Amazon or their 401(k) which contains shares of Amazon.

Corporations are just a legal fiction around some economic activity. If you're even tangentially involved in that activity, some of the money will end up coming from you. But since people don't want to hear that, the policy that passes is the one that obfuscates what's really happening enough that people can no longer understand what's really happening, and everyone who likes the status quo can point the finger at someone else and claim they're the villain.

Probably the best thing we could do in the US is take a bulldozer to the entire tax code and constellation of existing federal programs and replace them with something much simpler, like VAT as the only federal tax and made progressive through a UBI. No more tax avoidance, shell games, poverty traps, lobbyist corruption through the revolving door, massive federal bureaucracy, just the most basic system that causes lower income people to pay low or negative effective tax rates and higher income people to pay higher effective tax rates.