[c76]

Isn’t the phenomenon just related to the way the vote options are encoded? Use different methods and you will see different R^2 results. Aren’t the votes represented artificially on a continuous domain for the R^2 calculation but the actual values are categorical values?

[ayhanfuat]

Not really. No matter how you encode extremes will be 0% and 100% and one option will be 45% and the other 55%.