[lotsofpulp]

Risk and reward are proportional, absent corruption. Managing risk does not make it disappear. Managing risk is what people get paid for, it’s the hard part that requires knowledge and expertise.

If there was no risk, then there would be no failed pharmaceutical businesses. If it was so easy to take medicines from idea to market and make a ton of money, people wouldn’t be wasting their time on buying stocks for other businesses.

It is also simultaneously possible that US patent law, as implemented with medicines, is too rewarding to pharma companies.