[mcmoor]

I guess those kind of citations should be put in different category that doesn't increase citation count of the referenced paper, in other words raising its prestige. These kind of citations shouldn't do that anyway.

So now if you want to cite come paper you have to decide which papers you'd die and live with, and consequently your paper prestige will be dependent on how many other papers want to die and live with yours.

[schoen]

I guess you can have something like a nofollow attribute

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nofollow

although the incentives will be more confusing.

There's an argument to be made that citing something to disagree with it should increase its prestige but not its credibility (to the extent that those can be separated): you're agreeing that it's important.