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The local government in many areas is often requiring an HOA to be formed for new developments to manage stormwater and road maintenance that they don’t want to be responsible for.

In those situations the HOA could be seen as government imposed rather than purely “freedom of association”.

I own a 100 year old home so there is no HOA but it’s difficult for most people to afford such homes since there’s a limited supply and they’re often either in highly desirable or blighted city centers.