[matthewdgreen]

It was not entirely voluntary, that's the point. The US government pushed very hard for an interoperable standard, and conditioned a big pile of IRA funding on supporting a fully-open standard. That was the carrot. The rest of the industry (manufacturers and chargers) also standardized and started building cars and charging infrastructure with CCS connectors. The farther this process went, the less likely it would have been that Tesla would have been able to force a switch, and so they would have had to (expensively) update their new and older cars to this standard. This was the stick.

But yes, it was all done through encouragement and coordinated coercion. Nobody showed up at Tesla's HQ with guns and forced this to happen.