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by yokem55 760 days ago
> As far as I’m aware, there’s no way of validating something without observing it.

That's where zero knowledge proofs come in. If you know the root hash at state a, and the new root hash at state b is given along with a zk proof, that proof data can quickly prove that the state change from a to b was arrived at correctly. In this case, the benefit of doing this on ethereum (or other evm l1 blockchain) is that those proofs can be validated on chain.