| > What economic definitions are political? Pretty much every single one of them actually. And that should be no surprise, no academic field is free from its social background, and economics being the heir of what used to be political philosophy, there's really no surprise that it's affected a lot by it. You want concrete example: “GDP” it used to count only legal economy, now in most OECD countries it also counts stuff like drug dealing and other clandestine activities, but it does not count lots on activities, like community work or even housework. How is the limit drawn? It's entirely arbitrary is actually open to political debate. The fact that we use GDP as an indicator at all, is also political: we could use Net Domestic Product, which takes depreciation of capital into account (that would be useful when it comes to ageing infrastructures), or even use other tools. “Unemployement” it is not, in fact, the number of people that aren't working, it's the number of people who are actively looking for a job. And as such, during the 2010-2020 era, the US had low unemployment, despite having less working people than comparable countries, because many people weren't actually included in statistics (“Disguised Unemployment”). Students are considered “inactive” by the way. In fact, you can take the entire economic lexicon and do the same exercise: all the definition here are arbitrary and the way they have been defined is subject to political debate. And for sociological reason in the field, most of them has been defined from a conservative mindset. Likewise, sociology has been mostly shaped by leftist views, and the definitions are a reflection of that. That doesn't mean economy or sociology are useless, but ignoring this bias is very problematic. > There's a reason phd econ programs recruit math majors, not econ majors. It takes some high level math aptitude and tooling these days. The reason why they do so is that Math is not science, so they go well around each other. Don't get me wrong, I've a Math degree and I love it, but it's not science: assuming your reasoning is logically correct, then it's true, you don't have to confront it to the real world to see if it matches and if it's actually descriptive of real phenomenon. And that's the problem of mathematical economy: people do reasoning in a vacuum, it is “true” is the mathematical sense of things, but its descriptive power is close to zero. In that regard, my favorite mathematical economics paper that I've read this year is one[1] that mathematically proves that “agents are infinitely-lived” is a poor hypothesis (among others). This isn't about studying the economy at all, it's just proving random theorems and it has no more scientific value than the theorems software developers unknowingly prove every day thanks to Curry–Howard. Actual economics looks like this[2], but it's actually much more work to get a single paper, and the selective pressure is really going in disfavor of such research, and in favor of cheap intellectual masturbation. [1] https://sci-hub.se/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art... [2] https://annas-archive.org/scidb/10.1162/003355397555352?scid... |