[p4bl0]

Regarding 2 and 3: depending on the type of computations you need to do there are ways to verify the integrity of a delegated computation with very high confidence for very low cost. Typically if you're computations happens in a modular structure it's quite easy. See for example my THC (trustable homomorphic computation) project and the accompanying paper: https://pablo.rauzy.name/software.html#thc There is also a video presentation because the conference where the paper was published took place during a COVID induced lockdown: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6DByVlqpH0s

[p4bl0]

Can someone explain why a relevant peer-reviewed paper reference got downvoted?

[zorgmonkey]

Technically something like this is relevant, but most people would assume that in practice it is going to be way too much work to get it implemented on GPUs and in such a way that it doesn't add too much overhead.