[hovden]

Measuring the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of chemistry in nanoscale matter is a longstanding challenge. Here, high-resolution 3D chemical imaging is achieved near or below one-nanometer resolution. Multi-modal data fusion enables high-resolution chemical tomography often with 99% less dose by linking information encoded within both elastic (HAADF) and inelastic (EDX/EELS) signals. We thus demonstrate that sub-nanometer 3D resolution of chemistry is measurable for a broad class of geometrically and compositionally complex materials.

[hovden]

The algorithm is made available; may be of interest to HN comp sci community. Fused multi-modal electron tomography reconstructs three-dimensional chemical models by solving an optimization problem seeking a solution that strongly agrees with (1) the HAADF modality containing high SNR, (2) the chemically sensitive spectroscopic modality (EELS and/or EDX), and (3) encourages sparsity in the gradient domain producing solutions with reduced spatial variation.