[wtallis]

PCIe p2p transactions that end up routed through the CPU's PCIe root complex still have performance advantages over split transactions using the CPU's DRAM as an intermediate buffer. Separate PCIe switches are not necessary except when the CPU doesn't support routing p2p transactions, which IIRC was not a problem on anything more mainstream than IBM POWER.

[numpad0]

Maybe not strictly necessary, but a separate PCIe backplane just for P2P bandwidth bypasses topology and bottleneck mess[1][2] of PC platform altogether and might be useful. I suspect this was the original premise for NVLink too.

1: https://assets.hardwarezone.com/img/2023/09/pre-meteror-lake...

2: https://www.gigabyte.com/FileUpload/Global/MicroSite/579/inn...