https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2019/10/explaining-how-fighti... is an incredible walkthrough of this! Discussion: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34399790 and https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26289933
When it comes to server persistence, as in an MMO setting, you add I/O bottlenecks into the mix. https://prdeving.wordpress.com/2023/09/29/mmo-architecture-s... is a fascinating read for that end of things. Discussion: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37702632