[swatcoder]

> Imagine using a program that can only allocate 4GB of ram because it has 32-bit address space. There's no benefit to that limitation

You're looking at isolated parts of a system. In a system, an artificial "limit" in one component becomes a known constraint that other components can leverage as part of their own engineering.

In the example of memory addresses, it might be "artificial" to say that a normal application can only use 32-bit or 48-bit addresses when the hardware running the application operates in 64-bits, but this explicit constraint might enable (say) a runtime or operating system to do clever things with those extra bits -- security, validation, auditing, optimization, etc.

And in many cases, the benefits of being able to engineer a system of constrained components are far more common and far more constructive than the odd occasion that a use case is entirely inhibited by a constraint.

That's not to say that we should blindly accept and perpetuate every constraint ever introduced, or introduce new ones without thoughtful consideration, but it's wrong to believe they have "no benefit" just because they seem "artificial" or "arbitrary".