[pclmulqdq]

Many QR code readers will auto-lowercase URLs that are encoded in alphanumeric encoding. The rest will recognize uppercase URLs just fine. Alphanumeric encoding was basically made for URLs.

[pimlottc]

The QR alphanumeric input encoding does not include basic URL query string characters like '?' '&' '='

[djbusby]

I've been putting URL in QR for like a decade, mixed case and query string included. How has it never been an issue?

[IAmLiterallyAB]

Because you used bytes mode, not alphanumeric mode