[instagraham]

is there a greater likelihood of substance abuse and smoking in ADHD individuals without stimulant medication?

If meds still offset that risk, meds are still a better option. Everything is a choice between evils.

[eqvinox]

> is there a greater likelihood of substance abuse and smoking in ADHD individuals without stimulant medication?

Yes, as well as self-endangering (both thrill-seeking as well as suicidal) behavior and unwanted pregnancies.

[yungporko]

yes there is