[atomicnumber3]

I think they have some drift in between versions (java lands first), but aside from that, they're extremely similar and only differ in what essentially amounts to quirks rather than actual gameplay differences. So no, you're not typically going to really notice the differences.

[tehbeard]

Bedrock still lacks in capability for the offhand slot due to having to support tablet UI, only a select few items can be used in it.

Bedrock also has a different combat model that lacks the indicators java has.

A comprehensive list is here: https://minecraft.wiki/w/Minecraft_Wiki:Parity_issue_list