We know that 2^10 ≈ 10^3, so 2^24 ≈ 10^(3/10*24) = 10^7.2. This 7.2 is about amplitude, but what we hear is power which is quadratic in amplitude, so take a factor of 2, and you're talking 14.4 bel, or 144 decibel for 24 bit (and 2/3 of that, 96 db, for 16 bit).
We know that 2^10 ≈ 10^3, so 2^24 ≈ 10^(3/10*24) = 10^7.2. This 7.2 is about amplitude, but what we hear is power which is quadratic in amplitude, so take a factor of 2, and you're talking 14.4 bel, or 144 decibel for 24 bit (and 2/3 of that, 96 db, for 16 bit).
(In reality it's a bit more complicated, but that's a good rough guide, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_bit_depth#Quantization)