Good thought, but switching to LTE only didn't work. Same result of ending up in SOS only. Cellular over wifi works perfectly fine though. Wish we could count on better post mortems from the phone companies, but I'm not holding my breath for it.
I'm wondering if it could be some kind of auth timeout. I've heard from a few people of one person's phone going out, then a bit later the other person's phone finally failing too.
On the latest iPhones, SOS mode is the emergency fallback to satellite service. It's really meant to be used in situations where you're well outside of any sort of service area but you have a clear, unobstructed view of the sky.
Your iPhone will instruct you on where to point and help you track an emergency satellite that is manned by live humans who will take your emergency request and relay it to the proper people.
I’m pretty sure that “SOS only” can also mean the phone seeing networks it can’t register with but which it could make an emergency call on if required. This predates satellite SOS.
I wonder how SIM registration works? For example if it's like a token with an expiry. If some set of registration servers on the network couldn't renew then I could see behavior like this.
So the radio bands may play into it although I would think with latest iPhones, they can use any of the bands from AT&T although I could be wrong.