[sokoloff]

Does counter-signaling require intent or only action?

A. If I care what people think, but work to communicate that I don't, that's pretty obviously counter-signaling.

B. If I genuinely don't care what people think, but my actions are outwardly indistinguishable from those in A, is that counter-signaling?

[mbg721]

This sounds equivalent to "Is signaling about the signal-giver or the signal-recipient?"

[sokoloff]

Indeed it does. If I practice haruspicy*, in so doing am I receiving signals from the gods?

* - the inspection of the entrails of sacrificed animals