[nonrandomstring]

It's especially important for physical devices that are shipped. To make sure that nobody stuck a couple of extra "implant" chips in your new laptop, or phone.

You can hear plenty about the use of xrays (and how unwieldy that is) to verify electronic circuits in some CCC videos. I commented about some of the challenges of false negatives in another version of this thread (which was strangely posted three times by MIT? Is reposting daily until you get traction acceptable behaviour - may have to try it myself some time :)