[TheBoff]

I think the problem with this question is that "fragmentation " is fairly ill-defined.

For example, you can say that ML fragmented into SML and OCAML, but then what's Haskell? Is it a fragment of SML? Well, not really. But then, SML and OCAML are significantly different languages, which have taken their inspiration from sources outside of their "parent language" as well.

On top of this, look at, for example. Boo. Boo is a lot like Python, but is it a fragment of Python? Also, C, C++, C#, Java, now even Go.

I think the point of this is what is the point at which a new language becomes no longer a "fragment" of its parent, and becomes a new language in its own right?