In early 2010s Java was widely used but the language and ecosystem was stagnating. This lead to an explosion of alternative JVM languages: Groovy, Scala, Clojure, etc. But most people didn't want an entirely new language, all they wanted was basically 'Java with lambdas'. One such language was Ceylon, and Jetbrains (after unsuccessfully trying Groovy) decided to create their own Ceylon and called it Kotlin.