[morsch]

As you allude to, whether it's a public service or a publicly owned corporation is probably less important.

Switzerland just pays four times as much per capita for railway infrastructure.

And of course, it's small: a bit more than a tenth of the area, a tenth of the total operated railway length, a tenth of the population. There are economies of scale, but also system complexity that scales super linearly. Afaict, a train that takes four hours from start to finish is on the long side in Switzerland, not so much in Germany.

But I'm not saying that financing and management aren't the main problems. The current CEO of SBB has a background in computer science and railway transport. Many of the DB CEOs in the past 25 years had an MBA and a career in air travel.