I have always used 'bullock' to refer to a juvenile bull, but my dictionary lists that sense of the word under 'archaic'. It wouldn't be the first time that I've discovered I'm speaking Middle English!
boeuf is also gendered, it's just that "non-gendered" in French means defaulting to male. The same way that Scarlett Johansson is an actress, but Scarlet and Chris Evans are actors. You would never say that Scarlett alone is an actor.