I just finished reading Children of Time and was indeed imagining that he was looking at earlier research on this subject, because the way he describes the spiders' initial thinking skills quite echos the article. It was very fun to read from that perspective!
Children of Time by Adrian Tchaikovsky is probably the best sci-fi I've read in the last 10 years. Its won the Arthur C Clarke award and recently the series (the other two books in the series are also great) won a Hugo