[miki123211]

Java Card still survives, though.

I find Java Card pretty puzzling. You go from high-level interpreted languages on powerful servers, to Java and C++ on less powerful devices (like old phones for example), to almost exclusively C on Microcontrollers, and then back to Java again on cards. If. it makes sense to write Java code for a device small enough to draw power from radio waves, why aren't we doing that on microcontrollers?

[cpgxiii]

The Java Card environment is quite limited, though, due to resource limitations.

There have been several more-or-less successful attempts at running higher-level languages on microcontrollers, e.g. .Net Micro Framework and CircuitPython. In all of these cases, though, you tend to struggle with all the native device behavior being described/intended by the vendor for use with C or C++ and the BSP for the higher level environment being an afterthought.

[funcDropShadow]

JavaCard is used in smartcards e.g. for banking cards. There you want to have more language guarantees to avoid losing money.