[actionfromafar]

I didn't know that about the loan words, super interesting. I will read up on this topic. One thing I do know is that when adding genetic studies, it's also very complicated. The now Sami population at some point adopted a finno-ugric language. It wasn't only migration. (By the way the ILO 169 definition makes a lot of sense to me, because if you create a state entity, you now also have responsibilities towards the governed.)

[Tor3]

There are hundreds of loanwords (e.g. a University of Oslo article "NAMN OG NEMNE 37 – 2020" (Nynorsk, except for the introduction)), though it's rather complicated. That particular article includes discussion about a word which was thought to be borrowed from proto-Norse, but probably isn't, though it seems to not be proto-Sami either. Well, enough of that, what I wanted to add was that (which is mentioned in the same article), re the claim: "The now Sami population at some point adopted a finno-ugric language. It wasn't only migration.". This seems to be about the hypothesis that what is now the Sami population were residents who originally spoke a different language and simply adopted proto-Sami from someone. That hypothesis is pretty much abandoned as extremely unlikely. Instead, the people who spoke proto-Sami moved in from elsewhere, as did the proto-north-west-Germanic speaking people.