[CuriousCosmic]

nope. since if the wal you are checkpointing isn't done yet, you just wait to "lock" and switch files until that operation is complete.

Checkpointing can be considered "lock free" since the operation will always eventually complete. How long it takes will depend on the wal file being checkpointed into the db but it'll eventually complete in some finite amount of time.

Because you know that any given checkpointing operation has to eventually complete, you can simply keep appending to the current "append" wal file and then tackle those changes when you finish the current checkpoint op (at which point the wal file you just finished checkpointing is free to take the appends).

[athoscouto]

Wouldn't that require the reader to finish? Making the reader block the checkpoint from wrapping up?

[CuriousCosmic]

Not if you abstract those reads. It's not like the application is directly opening a file handle. Instead it goes through the sqlite library which accesses not only the db and the wal file but also a non-persistent shm (shared memory) file used for maintaining a consistent view of the write ahead log.

When a reader is reading, it puts a shared lock on the specific data it is reading in the shm file. The checkpointer respects that lock and may (potentially) continue working elsewhere in the db file, slowly updating the indices for checkpointed data in the shm file.

The checkpointer won't change the underlying data that the reader has a lock on but they may have created a new location for it. When the reader is finally done reading, the checkpointer can quickly grab an exclusive lock and update the header in the shm for that data to point to the new destination (and then release said lock). Since the checkpointer never holds this lock for very long, the reader can either block when trying to get a shared lock or it can retry the lock a few moments later. Now that the header in the shm only points to the new location, the checkpointer can safely do whatever it needs to with the data in the old location.

Slowly rinse repeat this until the checkpointer has gotten through the entire write ahead log. At that point there should be no remaining references in the shm to data within the wal file.

Now the wal file can be "unlocked" and if the other wal file is large enough, it can be locked, writes switch over to the other wal, and the cycle repeats anew.

Edit: Importantly, this requires that all readers be on a snapshot that includes at least one commit from the "new" wal file. So compared with wal1, wal2 allows you to have long running readers as long as they start past the last commit of the "previous" wal file.