[kamaitachi]

Not quite the same thing, but some industries use 4 state “booleans” to describe the state of machinery.

For example, in power stations, the position of switch gear would use 10 and 01 for on/off, 00 for “switch gear in motion” (ie, transiting from on to off or vice versa) and 11 to represent an error state. The in transit condition can persist for several minutes.

[aapoalas]

This is (or perhaps can be viewed as) a form of paraconsistent logic.