[jedberg]

The best study was mixed at best. For some cases remote work was more productive, for some cases it was the same. But in no cases was in office more efficient, except for the entry level jobs.

However, there haven't been any long term studies on "innovation", if you can even define that, and how it fares with remote work. There is also no long term data on how new people to the industry will do starting their career remotely. I know personally I would not be where I am if I weren't in the office near senior people at the start of my career. But I also know that there are ways to replicate that ad-hoc learning with remote work.