[EvilTerran]

Some books in the "survival guide" genre cover things like setting broken bones, basic stitches, biro tracheotomy, etc.

I did once come across a "how to amputate your own leg" in a mountaineering magazine, but I'm pretty sure it was satirical: http://bubl.ac.uk/org/tacit/tac/tac50/advertis.htm

[arethuza]

A Soviet doctor had to remove his own appendix in 1961 - he was stuck in a base in Antartica during the winter:

http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2011/03/antarc...