Hacker News new | ask | show | jobs
by sern 5164 days ago
No, it's true. The possible geometry of visible GPS satellites at any given moment (namely that they're all above you and none are below) means that the vertical error is pretty bad in comparison to the horizontal error.
3 comments

It has much more to do with how GPS receivers calculate a horizontal position when they have limited satellites in view.

I don't understand the math but essentially you are trying to solve four unknowns. Latitude, longitude, elevation, and the time offset between the satellite and device clocks. If only three satellites are in view the only way to solve latitude and longitude is to assume a value for elevation based on previous results. Without a forth satellite the GPS simply doesn't know what the altitude is. But that estimated value is sufficient to give a good estimate of horizontal position.

It's true that this makes the VDOP generally higher than the PDOP, which leads to lower precision in the vertical direction. The 10-25m figure is a complete nonsense, though. It's more like 3-5m.
GPS altitude readings seemed pretty fine on the numerous mountains I've climbed. I almost always cross-checked with a calibrated barometric altimeter.
Interesting. I wonder if the altitude readings were WAAS augmented, or if this is a case where theory doesn't translate in to reality.
Ah. You may be right, there. WAAS is enabled on my GPS (a Garmin 60CSx).

Link for bystanders: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waas

WAAS uses a network of ground-based reference stations, in North America and Hawaii, to measure small variations in the GPS satellites' signals in the western hemisphere. Measurements from the reference stations are routed to master stations, which queue the received Deviation Correction (DC) and send the correction messages to geostationary WAAS satellites in a timely manner (every 5 seconds or better). Those satellites broadcast the correction messages back to Earth, where WAAS-enabled GPS receivers use the corrections while computing their positions to improve [3D] accuracy.

And if you need even higher resolution (centimeter resolution), use use NOAA CORS sites (either with post-processing, or real time with their experimental datafeed)

http://geodesy.noaa.gov/CORS/data.shtml

http://beta.ngs.noaa.gov/CORS/NGSRealtimeGNSS/